光圈对于手机拍照的影响有多大，看完你就知道了

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由于社交网络的发展，人们对拍照的要求越来越高，现在很多手机厂商在产品的发布上，把手机的拍照作为着重点之一进行宣传，那么大光圈究竟对手机拍照有什么作用呢？

首先我们来了解一下什么是光圈。顾名思义，光圈就是一个用来控制手机镜头进光量的装置。其实，光圈和我们的人的瞳孔非常的类似，当环境光线强的时候，我们的瞳孔会收缩变小；而当环境光线变弱时候，瞳孔就会放大。而手机的光圈也是如此，光线不足的环境中，我们会需要各大光圈来满足拍摄需求。

光圈是怎样影响手机成像的？

只要懂点摄影的人都知道，像素高低不是衡量一部手机拍照好坏，举个例子，1200万像素的iPhone 6s和4100万像素的诺基亚1020成像质量差不多。衡量一部手机拍照水平，更多还取决于镜头、感光元件以及图像处理器。

而光圈作为手机镜头的一部分，对拍照成像有着至关重要的作用。

光圈影响着成像的哪些方面？

一般情况下，光圈影响着手机拍照两方面，一是进光量；二是景深。而在这两点当中，进光量要比景深更重要一点。

从以前的F／2.2光圈，到后来常见的F／1.8大光圈，再到现在的F／1.6超大光圈，手机厂商一次次地在光圈上做尝试和突破，以带来更好的拍照体验。F后面的数字越大，则光圈越小；数字越小，则光圈越大。而光圈越大，就意味着能捕捉到更多的光，拥有更好的成像质量。所以F后面的数值越小，成像质量越高。根本上，光圈就是为了控制进光量。

光圈是如何控制光线的进入的？

排除感光元件、处理器等因素，通常来说我们拍照的时候会调节三个参数：快门、光圈和感光度（ISO）。快门决定进光的时间，光圈决定单位时间进光的多少，感光度则是感光元件的灵敏度。

在这其中，快门和光圈决定了照片的曝光量，而曝光量则严重影响成像画质的优劣。

基本上，为保证一张照片拥有足够的进光量，光圈越大，快门就可以更快；反之，光圈越小，快门就越慢，从而来保证足够进光量充足。

但是快门是有安全快门的，通常情况下是1/50秒，如果超过安全快门就可能出现因为手抖而出现成像模糊的窘境。

这种情况通常会出现在夜晚或者光线昏暗的环境中，为了保证足够的进光量，同时又不超出安全快门的话，我们只有两个选择：使用更大的光圈或者提高ISO。

但是ISO越大，照片的信息损失越多，就会出现噪点。所以说使用更大的光圈是暗光拍摄的最佳选择。

这点看似简单实际却很难，单反相机由于设计原因是可以调节光圈大小的，但是对于手机来说，由于光圈是固定的，所以并不能随心所欲地调节，如果光圈太小的话，在暗光中就只能提高ISO了，这也是为什么很多手机夜拍噪点太多的原因。

当然并不是说光圈越大暗光成像就越好，这还会受到感光元件、图像处理器、光路的设计等因素的影响，只能说在其他方面大抵相当的手机中，大光圈意味着更优秀的暗光拍照。比如F/1.7比F/2.2更适合暗光拍照。

光圈是怎么影响成像景深的？

我们刚刚提到了，光圈除了影响进光量之外，还会影响我们拍照的景深效果。那么何为景深呢？简单来说，就是我们肉眼能够看清楚的部分。

而我们通常看到的主体清晰，背景模糊的照片，也就是我们所说的虚化，就是景深的中的一种——浅景深效果。

不管是景深也好浅景深也好，都和光圈有着莫大的关系。

那么光圈是如果影响景深的呢？

通常情况下，光圈越大，景深越浅，就会出现前景清晰背景模糊的效果；光圈越小，景深越深，即前景背景都很清晰。

从图像可知，F/1.7会比F/4.5拥有更好的浅景深效果，即拥有更优秀的虚化效果。

当然，如果想要通过手机拍摄出一张优秀的浅景深照片，除了大光圈之外，被摄主体的远近以及感光元件的大小都要合适。

那么如何利用手机中的大光圈来拍出好看的照片呢？

1、浅景深效果。这点我们上面也提到了，要拍出浅景深的虚化效果，我们需要使用大光圈，与主体对象距离合适。

2、人像摄影。定焦大光圈就是拍出优秀人像的必备条件，和浅景深相同，大光圈可以是人物主体更突出。

3、暗光拍照。大光圈可以在单位时间内进入更多的光线，在暗光环境中可以拍出更明亮的照片。

4、 微距拍摄。在进行微距拍摄的时候，使用浅景深是必不可少的，因为微距拍摄的背景完全在景深之外，我们拍摄的时候不用过多的考虑背景问题，这种微距主体才更加突出。

大光圈手机更适合拍夜景

大光圈的手机尤其适合拍摄光线昏暗的环境和夜景。按照我们上边提到的理论，在暗光下，大光圈可以使进光量更多，相对的，我们的快门就可以更快，iSO也可能更低，这就有效地避免了因快门过慢引发的手抖模糊问题，以及iSO过高造成的噪点问题。

大光圈手机摄影是一门艺术，运用得好，拍出来的照片都是很挺好眼球的。对于单反相机，大光圈意味着摄影的选择更多，因为各种各样的场景都适用，所以大光圈镜头卖得这么贵；但对于手机，虽然光圈是固定的，但大光圈比小光圈更实用，因为小光圈可以通过手机芯片进行各种模拟，而大光圈则不能。

最后回到话题，光圈对手机的影响有多大？我们认为，在一定程度上决定了手机的上限，同时在工艺和技术上也更加复杂，拥有大光圈的手机也能更好。

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