芝加哥着名旅游胜地简介

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绰号风城的芝加哥市位于密西根湖西岸南端，芝加哥河汇流处，是美国的第二大城市。它连结了附近超过100哩之外的大小城市，形成了一个大都会网。直到1980年代，全美国只有纽约市的人口超越芝加哥。但随着都市逐渐衰弱，加上工厂和住家的大量流失，到了1982年，终于被欣欣向荣的洛杉矶迎头赶上。
　　芝加哥是印地安语，意谓讨厌的野生洋葱。约在1779年之前，黑人杜沙贝尔(Du Sable)到此地开发探险，并且开设了贸易站。1833年，美国政府在此设立村庄，并在四年后改制城市，当时人口约4,200人，并且持续成长。到了1860年，已有约110,000人之多。1871年10月8日，对芝加哥来说是毁灭性的一天；一场大火加上强劲的西南风，把城市烧了三分之一，整个市中心和北边均摧毁殆尽。其中今日有名的水塔(Water Tower)则是少数幸存的建筑之一。
　　重建以后的芝加哥继续成长壮大，并且在1950年达到了高峰期，人口多达362万人。但是之后的三十年开始走下坡，人口流失了近62万，导致空屋四处。屋漏偏逢连夜雨，1992年4月，年久失修的防洪系统终于抵不过洪水，造成一场大水灾。今天的芝加哥市人口约280万人，整个大都会区约610万人。
　　99年6月，芝加哥政府为了吸引观光客，在市区放置了300只彩绘牛，并且请来艺术家在上面作画。这些牛都是玻璃纤维做的，体积和真的牛一般，每只牛还有创作者的大名在上面。这群光鲜亮丽的“动物”不但受到当地人的喜爱，还为芝加哥带来上亿的观光收入，也让此地成了名符其实的牛城。这些牛还将进行拍卖，并把款项作为慈善之用。
　　有人称芝加哥为“美国的超级市场”The SuperMarket of America。无论从那一个角度看来，它都是一个典型的美国式都市，既是商业中心，又是交通要卫，市内到处是在建筑史上占一席地位的奇丽建筑物。可眺望密歇根湖的公园，蜿蜒的水际线，另有一番美妙景色。还有，无论是国际性会议，或美国国内较大规模的会议，大都在这一都市举行，因这又获得“议坛之城”的别称。
　　商品市场Merchandise Mart位于芝加哥河北岸的18层楼建筑物，其规模之庞大，仅次于五角大厦。在市场内出售的商品，自家具到机械，种类达100万种以上。
　　自Chicago Avenue Bridge往北，到East Oak Street之间的七条街，称之为The Magnificent Mile，可与纽约第五街媲美，有整齐丶美丽的行道树，宏伟的高层建筑物，优雅的商店以及赏心悦目的橱窗陈列品。Chicago Avenue Bridge的桥头，就是以口香糖闻名的Wrigley Junior Co.大厦，大厦下方即为汽艇码头。那个极像是玉蜀黍的Twin Towers Marina City也矗立在面向河川的右侧。发行数量占全美国第三位的芝加哥论坛报也以这里为根据地。Water Tower过去被认为是象征芝加哥的着名大厦。
　　约翰汉寇克中心John Hancock Center，别名“Big John”(大约翰)，是一幢高达100层的建筑物。它的外形像把梯子，初看有些怪异，但即是建筑结构力学上的一项新的成就。这幢大厦属一家保除公司所有，但1楼到5楼是高级时装店，6楼到141楼是公司行号的办公室，42楼以上是公寓，94楼是眺望台，95楼是餐厅，96楼则是鸡尾酒馆。
　　林肯公园Lincoln Park位于密歇根湖边，全长8公里，占地480公顷，是芝加哥最大的公园。园内有林肯丶歌德丶莎士比亚丶贝多芬等塑像，还有动物园等设施。

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