联邦或废除H-1B配偶工作许可

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特朗普 （图片来源：路透社）
【侨报综合讯】特朗普政府已经有了计划，将废除H-1B签证持有者的配偶（H-4签证）在美国的工作许可。据SanFrancisco Chronicle报道，去年H-1B签证持有者的配偶和儿童约在13万人。
近年或有超过十万人已受益允许工作
H-4配偶签证主要是指持有H-1B工作签证人士的配偶或者子女。一直以来，H-4配偶签证不能在美国工作，直到2015年2月奥巴马政府提出新政策，为了吸引和留住受过高等教育的优秀外来人才，允许符合条件的H-4配偶申请社会安全号，并在美国合法工作。
每年约有10万名H-1B持有者的配偶和子女通过H-4签证来到美国，自2012年开始，持H-4签证来美的人数稳步上升。从2015年10月到2016年9月，有41526名H-4持有者获得了工作许可。
不过据消息人士向The Chronicle透露，特朗普政府已经有了废除H-4签证持有者可工作政策的初步计划。
消息人士证实，特朗普政府正在起草新的规定，取消H-4持有者的工作许可，但目前尚不清楚具体步骤是什么。而国土安全部以及下属的美国公民及移民服务局也未就此事做出回应。
如果停止给与H-4签证持有者工作许可，旧金山湾区受到的影响将最大。硅谷严重依赖H-1B工作签证持有者，而他们中的许多人都以H-4签证的方式将配偶带来美国，近几年来，越来越多的H-4签证持有者也加入了硅谷的就业大军，因为如果家中只有一人工作，在如此昂贵的地区生活将捉襟见肘。
H-4签证持有者大多来自印度和中国
移民律师Emily Neumann表示，取消给与H-4持有者工作许可可能会出现多米诺现象，一些H-1B持有者可能也将离开美国，有些人可能会转道前往加拿大。
但有支持者则认为，取消H-4签证持有者工作许可，可以帮助美国人获得工作机会。
在奥巴马新政策刚提出来没多久，一个主要由IT工作者组成的，名叫“拯救美国工作”（Save Jobs USA）的组织就对该政策提起了诉讼，他们认为本来了持有H-1b签证的外籍工作者就抢了他们的工作，现在H-1b的伴侣H-4又可以工作了，而且自由度比H-1b还高，这大大加大了对美国本地人找工作的威胁。
自特朗普上台以来，曾不止一次有消息传出，H-4持有者的工作许可将被取消。美国公民与移民事务局前首席顾问梅尔迈德（LyndenMelmed）说：“关于H-4诉讼的最后期限正在临近，这意味着政府已经在最后完善相关规定了，从此前的每一阶段来看，他们肯定是倾向与取消H-4持有者的工作许可。”
司法部长塞辛斯（Jeff Sessions）在担任参议员时曾表示，容许H-4签证持有人在美工作是“改变移民法，伤害美国工人”。
申请工作许可的H-4持有者大多来自印度和中国，因为印度和中国的H-1B持有者申请绿卡的排期时间极为漫长，所以奥巴马政府才推出该政策，希望帮助“正在等待成为美国人”的申请者。
但即使特朗普最终取消H-4持有者的工作许可，新政策成为法律之前还用经过长期的公众质询阶段，在此期间，符合条件的H-4持有者仍可申请工作许可。
特朗普上任以来政府频频对移民“开刀”
从今年1月特朗普上任以来，已经如他选前承诺的那样，对移民及签证政策频频“开刀”：

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（编辑：胡雨桐）

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