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美国高中课程种类及特色

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发表于 2018-6-29 14:53:39 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式

美国高中课程种类及特色

美国高中课程一般会被分成5类,分别是数学丶科学丶英语丶第二外语丶历史。下面为大家介绍美国高中留学的选课系统,包括课程的种类和难度,希望对打算留学美国读高中的同学们有所帮助。
  
  一丶数学 Maths
  
  美国数学一般是按照基础代数-几何-进阶代数-预备微积分(pre-calculus)-微积分(calculus)这个顺序来教的。一般国内完成了初中的学业,可以直接去上pre-calculus,其中主要涉及到一些函数(尤其是三角函数)的知识。完成了pre-calculus,理论上你就已经完成了高中的数学了。接下来就可以学习像Calculus的课程。Calculus属于AP课,意思是Advanced Placement,是针对高中生开放的大一基础课。
  
  AP Calculus分AB和BC两种,后者比前者多了关于数列等内容。BC虽然比AB繁琐,但也无非就是多背点公式,如果修Calculus,毫无疑问首选BC。如果你能在12年级前把Calculus也修完,那么视情况论,你有3种发展路线。第一种是如果学校提供Post-calculus课的话你继续往深学,虽然不像AP课程有全国统一并且大学承认的考试,但是每个大学都会在开学初有自己的placement test(分级考)。第二种,是可以学习统计(AP Statistics),这门课虽然相当简单但超级实用,让你能够科学地了解身边形形色色的统计数据的可信度。对于大学想修心理学的同学,这门课也可谓是必修课。第三种就是学习电脑编程(AP Computer Science),这门课稍微花点时间,因为编程的作业量稍大,不像其他课只要翻翻书就好了,但上完后会对编程有一个较为宏观的理解,虽然学的是JAVA,但一通百通,像VB,C 这样其他的语言虽然不会写也能看懂。
  
  二丶科学 Science
  
  美国的科学主要是三大类:物理,化学,生物。普遍的要求是这3门都要学过才能毕业。每门课都有荣誉课程(Honor Course)的设置,荣誉课程比普通课(Regular Course)上得快一点难一点,成绩优异者可以考虑第二年修AP课程,相当于大一基础课。这三门课中,AP化学是最简单的,物理和生物并驾齐驱。
  
  AP物理分为两类,B和C。不像calculus中的AB和BC,物理的B和C难度相差很多。B只是honor physics的升级版了,可以说只要把honor physics学好就能通过B的考试,而C则只涉及力学和电磁学两个面,解题要用到微积分。力学还算顺利,但电磁学大多内容颇具难度。
  
  AP生物其实远没有物理C难,但对于英语只是第二外语的中国人,有大量的背诵内容以及复杂难懂的专业名词。适合那些吃苦耐劳,记忆力卓越的同学选择。说AP生物是理科,其实与化学物理一比,它更像是文科。还有,对于像修AP生物的同学来说,一般都需要在国外先学一年honor biology。但对于想修AP物理和化学的同学,只要有国内高一的基础直接上这些课没问题。除此之外,AP环境科学也被很多人选修。这门课不需要任何基础,又简单并且也算AP。
  
  三丶英语 English
  
  10-11年级修的是英国美国文学,内容涉及爱默生丶爱伦坡丶马克吐温等人的作品。还会学到一些中世纪的英文诗(如Chaucer的The Canterbury Tales和Milton的Paradise Lost),比如其中很多字无论是从样子还是读音都是我们闻所未闻的。但是考试的话,不会挖出一个词叫你给出现在的意思,而是多半问一些以人物感情,故事情节为主的问题。只要每天认真读书,应付老师的随堂测试还是不难的。据在修AP的美国同学说,他们的考试中常会出现一些关于作者文章表现手法的问题,如拟人,夸张,反衬等等。
  
  四丶外语 Foreign Language
  
  美国高中所提供的二外有西班牙语丶法语丶拉丁语丶中文丶德语等。其中以法语和西班牙语最为流行。虽说法语说出来好听,而且在中国似乎很有人气,但是在美国更加流行的语言还是西班牙语。拉丁语属于一种古英语,很多英文单词都是从拉丁语中延伸出来的,现在已经没有人用了。
  
  五丶历史 History
  
  美国的历史课有以下几种:西方历史丶欧洲历史丶美国历史丶AP美国政府。一般西方历史和欧洲历史针对9-10年级的学生。如果想在10年级多修一门AP课,那就当然选AP现代欧洲史啦。美国历史属于必修课,一般在11-12年级上完。剩下的一年依照个人兴趣学习经济或者美国政府。值得一提的是,美国历史也分为普通美国历史和AP美国历史。后者所学的比前者细很多。
  
  综合来说,普通美国历史在于了解历史,知道发生了什么就够了。AP美国历史在于了解之后评价历史批判历史。历史一般阅读量会比较大,这种时候一定要会抓到重点。按照书上一个字一个字的认真去读,那是读不完的。要知道哪些是主要信息是考点,哪些扫一眼就可以了。因为考点很多,还有很重要的是要摸清老师的套路,熟悉了套路以后会轻松一点。

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